Why is it HTTP works fine threw the proxy but HTTPS wont. I go to secure pages on the internet and the only way to make it work is to make a rule on packet filter.
Actually it doesn't work. The only way to have HTTPS and all the other service you have listed in your http proxy is to set you proxy mode to standard. You can disable the packet filters and the traffic should go through the HTTP Proxy. In transparent mode the proxy is only searching for port 80 requests. I know this is a bug but don't bother asking astaro here for help. If you want support please email them.
What browser are you using? Make sure to setup your client browser to go through the proxy.
Actually its not really a bug with Astaro, but a bug in Internet Explorer. If you wan https to go through the proxy use standard mode and configure internet explorer to use the proxy. Or use a different browser like Fire Fox from mozilla.