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Relationship between VPN Performance and Key Length

I don't know very much about public/private key encryption.
Would someone please explain the relationship between key
length and VPN performance?  Actually, all I need is a link
to a good book or web site describing the algorithms.

I setup a VPN between two ASL 2.0 boxes using:

                 Perfect Forwarding Secrecy  -  yes
                 Secure Association                - ike
                 Authentication Method          - rsasig with 2048 bit keys

Everything seems to work well.  I think sustained transfers work
acceptably fast; but it takes a very long time to make an initial
connection.  I haven't try a shorter key yet, but I assume a 512 bit
or 1024 bit key would be faster.  Does anyone know if the
relationship between key length and speed is linear or squared
or whatever ...?

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