Not exactly. You would need a fiber switch on the other end that supports Link Aggregation. Even then it would be short of double the speed, due to additional overhead.
In terms of the loss of speed when bundling two NICs... Well there are many theories, you don't get 200% increase, you will get some loss... For example Cisco has nice documentation about it:
The general rule of thumb with 802.11ad Link Aggregation/Bonding is that you will get close to the combined speed of the links in total but that the speed of individual connections (IP to IP stream) will never exceed the speed of any one link.
Overhead aside, this is because the balancing mechanism in the bundled link can't push a single stream over multiple links simultaneously but picks a single link to use based on it's balancing algorithm. Think of it like a multi-lane road, more cars can drive down the road at the same time but a car can never occupy multiple lanes.
Outside of 802.11ad, I know there are some routers that can do bonding over multiple links (T1 or DSL bonding for example) but that's very specialized and typically needs expensive hardware.
